Many students feel nervous before their first exam at university. This i_ a nor___ feeling, a__ there a__ simple wa__ to con____ it. Get____ enough sl___ the ni___ before he___ the brain work well.
This unit is for you if you have not yet reached Band 3.5 in Reading, or if you have never taken the new TOEFL iBT and English reading still feels slow: you understand short everyday texts but lose the thread in academic paragraphs, you are not sure how to finish a word when only half of it is on the screen, and you guess the last questions because time runs out. At Foundation level you do not need to read faster. You need to know exactly what each of the three Reading tasks asks for, use the small clues that decide most answers, and stop losing marks you could easily keep.
Why Level 1 matters
Since 21 January 2026, TOEFL iBT reports each section on a 1–6 scale in half bands. ETS links Band 2–2.5 to CEFR A2 and Band 3–3.5 to B1. Most degree programmes ask for about 4–4.5 overall, so Level 1 is not your final target, but it is the base everything else stands on. The Reading section is also adaptive: how well you do in the first part decides whether the second part is easier or harder, and only the harder path opens the higher bands. The careful reading habits you build here are what move you onto that path. Requirements differ between universities and change often, so always check the current requirement for your course. FLC levels are our estimates, not ETS scores.
Lesson 1 · The Reading section at a glance
Reading is the first section of the TOEFL iBT, before Listening, Writing and Speaking. It takes about 30 minutes and has three kinds of task:
| Task | What you see | What you do |
|---|---|---|
| Complete the Words | a short academic paragraph (about 70–100 words); the first sentence is complete, then the second half of every second word is missing | type the missing letters to complete 10 words; each word counts as one item |
| Read in Daily Life | a real-life text of 15–150 words: a notice, menu, email, text chain, schedule, advert, form or receipt | answer 2–3 questions, each with four options |
| Read an Academic Passage | a short academic text of about 200 words, like a page from a first-year textbook | answer 5 questions, each with four options |
Task formats are from ETS's descriptions of the TOEFL iBT from 21 January 2026. ETS's test specifications list about 50 Reading items in all, including some unscored trial items; you cannot tell which ones they are.
How the adaptive design works
The Reading section comes in two modules. Everyone takes the same kind of first module. The computer then chooses your second module from your results:
| Stage | Time (ETS estimate) | What happens |
|---|---|---|
| Module 1 (the "router") | about 9 minutes | a mix of all three tasks; your accuracy here decides the next module |
| Module 2: upper | about 18–21 minutes | harder texts and questions; this path can lead to the higher bands |
| Module 2: lower | about 18–21 minutes | easier texts and questions; the band you can reach is limited |
The two rules for adaptive Reading
1. Module 1 matters most. Do not rush it to "save time for later". Careful, accurate answers in the first nine minutes decide which test you sit for the next twenty. 2. Answer every item. A wrong answer and an empty answer both score nothing, so a blank is a mark thrown away. Because some items are unscored trials that look exactly like real ones, treat every item as if it counts.
Exam Trap
Many students panic when the second module feels harder than the first and start guessing. A harder second module is usually good news: it probably means you did well in Module 1. Keep using the same careful method. If the second module feels easy, do not relax either: every correct answer still counts towards your band.
Exercise 1 Know the Reading section
Choose the best answer.
1 Where does Reading come in the TOEFL iBT?
- first, before Listening, Writing and Speaking
- second, after Listening
- third, after Writing
- last, after Speaking
2 In Complete the Words, what is missing from the paragraph?
- the whole first sentence
- every second word, completely
- the second half of every second word, after the first sentence
- one word in each sentence, chosen from a list
3 How many questions usually follow one Read an Academic Passage text?
- two
- three
- five
- ten
4 What decides whether your second Reading module is easier or harder?
- how fast you finish the first module
- how well you answer in the first module
- the score you wanted when you booked the test
- your Listening score
5 Which of these is a typical Read in Daily Life text?
- a 200-word passage about volcanoes
- a notice about a library's new opening hours
- a professor's question for an online discussion
- a recording of a campus announcement
6 You are not sure of an answer and the timer is running. What should you do?
- Leave it blank so you do not lose a mark.
- Choose your best answer, because a blank scores nothing.
- Always choose option D.
- Skip it, because unscored items do not matter.
Lesson 2 · Complete the Words
What it tests: whether you can use grammar, vocabulary and meaning together to rebuild a text. You see a short academic paragraph. The first sentence is complete, so you know the topic. After that, every second word loses its second half, and you type the missing letters into small boxes, one box for each letter. One paragraph has 10 incomplete words, and each word you complete correctly is one item.
Here is how a paragraph looks on the screen (in this book, each _ is one box):
Answers: is, normal, and, are, ways, control, Getting, sleep, night, helps. Notice that most of these are short, common words. At Foundation level, the small words (is, and, are, the, of, to) are the easiest marks in the whole Reading section, if you check the grammar around them.
Four clues decide almost every word:
| Clue | Ask yourself | Example |
|---|---|---|
| The letters you see | Which common words start like this? | wa__: was, way, want, wall, walk… |
| The number of boxes | How many letters are missing? This removes many choices. | wa__ needs exactly 4 letters: ways, want, wall, walk, not was or water |
| Grammar | Noun, verb, adjective? Singular or plural? Past or present? | simple wa__ to… needs a plural noun after an adjective: ways |
| Meaning | Does the word fit the topic and the sentence? | "simple walls to control it" is grammatical but makes no sense |
Method
- Read the first sentence carefully. It is complete and tells you the topic. Spend 10 seconds here.
- Read the paragraph once to the end without typing, to understand the idea.
- Fill the easy words first: small grammar words such as the, and, is, of, to, can, they.
- For each harder word, use the four clues: letters, boxes, grammar, meaning.
- Check the spelling and the ending (-s, -ed, -ing, -ly). A word that is nearly right is marked wrong.
- Never leave boxes empty. If you are unsure, type the most likely word and move on.
Key Language · Twenty short words that fill many gaps
the · and · of · to · in · is · are · was · were · for · that · with · on · by · from · which · have · this · they · can. Learn to recognise them from their first letter or two: t__ before a noun is often the; wh___ after a comma is often which.
FLC Tip
Count the boxes before you think. Students often know the right word but type one that is one letter too long or too short, such as start for st__ (two boxes need a four-letter word such as stop). The number of boxes is free information: use it every time.
Exercise 2 Finish the word
Complete each word. Each _ is one missing letter. Write the full word.
- I usually drink tea in the mor____ before class.
- My cousin is nineteen ye___ old.
- The bus to the campus lea___ every twenty minutes.
- Please wr___ your name at the top of the page.
- We had a long discu_____ about the group project.
- The library is clo___ on public holidays.
- He finished the quiz qui____ because it was easy.
- There are many diff_____ ways to learn a language.
Exercise 3 Grammar decides the ending
In Complete the Words you often know the start of the word but not its ending. Choose the form that fits the sentence.
1 Last year, the college ______ a new sports centre.
- opens
- opened
- opening
- open
2 Many ______ live in the halls of residence in their first year.
- student
- studying
- students
- studied
3 The test was ______ than I expected.
- easier
- easy
- easiest
- easily
4 She explained the problem very ______.
- clear
- clearer
- clearness
- clearly
5 I am very interested ______ marine biology.
- on
- in
- at
- for
6 The lecture, ______ starts at nine, is about climate change.
- who
- what
- which
- where
Exercise 4 Practice paragraph 1: The campus library
Exam conditions: about 2 minutes. Complete the 10 words. Write the full words, numbered 1–10 in order.
The university library is open every day during the semester. Students c__ borrow u_ to fi__ books a_ a ti__, and th__ can ke__ them f__ three we___. If y__ need a book for longer, you can renew it online.
Exercise 5 Practice paragraph 2: Autumn leaves
Exam conditions: about 2 minutes. Complete the 10 words. Write the full words, numbered 1–10 in order. Count the boxes carefully.
In autumn, the leaves of many trees turn yellow, orange or red. This hap____ because t__ trees st__ producing t__ green subs_____ that he___ them u__ sunlight. Wh__ the gr___ colour disap_____, other colours that were hidden become visible.
Exercise 6 Spelling that costs marks
In Complete the Words you type the letters yourself, so a spelling mistake is a wrong answer. Choose the correct spelling.
1 Students can apply for ______ on campus.
- accomodation
- acommodation
- accommodation
- acomodation
2 The ______ has announced new rules for international students.
- government
- goverment
- govermant
- governmant
3 Plastic waste is harmful to the ______.
- enviroment
- environment
- envirnment
- environmant
4 You will ______ an email with your timetable.
- recieve
- receve
- receeve
- receive
5 The café is open ______ midnight during exam week.
- untill
- until
- untile
- unttil
6 A student ID card is ______ to enter the building.
- neccessary
- necesary
- necessary
- nessesary
Lesson 3 · Read in Daily Life
What it tests: whether you can understand the short, practical texts you will meet every day as a student abroad: a notice on a door, a message from a classmate, an email from the housing office, a café menu, a bus timetable. The text is short (15–150 words), and two or three questions follow, each with four options. These texts use everyday North American campus English, so you will see spellings such as center and color.
First, notice what kind of text it is. The type tells you what the writer wants and where the answers usually are:
| Text type | Usual purpose | Look closely at |
|---|---|---|
| Notice or sign | to inform or warn about a change or a rule | dates, times, "no longer", "please", "must" |
| Email or letter | to inform, request, invite, apologise | the subject line, the first sentence, any request ("Please…") |
| Text chain or post | to arrange, ask, explain a problem | who says what, and why plans change |
| Menu, schedule, receipt, advert | to give prices, times, conditions | numbers, small print ("weekdays only", "with student ID") |
The questions are almost always one of these kinds:
| Question type | Typical wording |
|---|---|
| Detail | What time…? Where can students…? How much…? |
| Purpose | Why was the notice written? What is the main purpose of the email? |
| Inference | What can be inferred about…? What is suggested about…? |
| Vocabulary or meaning | What does the writer mean by "…"? |
Method
- Look at the shape first (3 seconds): notice, email, text chain, timetable? Read the title or subject line.
- Read the whole text once. It is short; do not jump straight to the questions.
- Read the question and find the exact line that answers it.
- Choose the option that says the same thing in different words. Check numbers and small words like not, only, every.
Worked example
Notice Student Union Café
From Monday, the café will accept card payments only. We are sorry, but we can no longer take cash. Students who show a valid ID still get 10% off all hot drinks.
Question: What is changing at the café? A) It will close on Mondays. B) It will stop accepting cash. C) Students will no longer get a discount. D) Hot drinks will cost 10% more.
Answer: B. "Card payments only … we can no longer take cash" means the same as "stop accepting cash". A is a word match: "Monday" is in the text, but it is the day the change starts. C is the opposite: the discount continues ("still get 10% off"). D twists the number: 10% is a discount, not a price rise.
Exam Trap
Short texts tempt you to answer from your own experience. If a question asks what students must bring to the gym, the answer is what this notice says, not what gyms in Ahmedabad or Ludhiana usually ask for. Every answer must come from a line in the text.
Exercise 7 Quick texts
Read each short text and choose the best answer.
Notice Hall B front desk
LOST: black umbrella, left in Room 204 on Tuesday afternoon. If found, please bring it to the front desk of Hall B. Thank you!
1 Why was this notice written?
- to sell an umbrella
- to ask for help finding a lost item
- to warn students about bad weather
- to announce that Room 204 is closed
Sign Aquatic Center
Pool closed Saturday 7–11 a.m. for cleaning. Saturday swimming lessons will take place on Sunday at the same time.
2 What will happen to the Saturday swimming lessons?
- They will be cancelled.
- They will start at 11 a.m. on Saturday.
- They will move to Sunday.
- They will be held in a different pool.
Text message From: Leo
Running 10 min late, the bus broke down. Start without me, I'll meet you at the café.
3 Why did Leo send this message?
- to cancel the meeting
- to suggest a different café
- to ask for a ride
- to explain why he will arrive late
Menu board Green Leaf Deli
LUNCH SPECIAL $8.50: soup + sandwich. Add any drink for $1.50. Monday to Friday only.
4 How much does the lunch special with a drink cost on a Wednesday?
- $8.50
- $10.00
- $1.50
- The special is not available on Wednesdays.
Exercise 8 Practice set 1: A notice
Exam conditions: about 2 minutes. Choose the best answer.
Notice Riverside Campus Fitness Center
New hours from September 2
Monday–Friday: 6:00 a.m. – 10:00 p.m.
Saturday–Sunday: 8:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.
Show your student ID card at every visit. Guests may visit twice per semester with a member ($5 per visit). Towels are no longer provided, so please bring your own.
1 What time does the fitness center open on Saturdays?
- 6:00 a.m.
- 8:00 a.m.
- 10:00 a.m.
- 6:00 p.m.
2 What is true about guests?
- They can enter free of charge.
- They can visit at any time without a member.
- They can visit only two times each semester.
- They cannot visit at weekends.
3 What has changed at the fitness center?
- Members must now bring their own towels.
- Student ID cards are no longer needed.
- The center now closes at 6:00 p.m. every day.
- Guests no longer need to pay.
Exercise 9 Practice set 2: A text chain
Exam conditions: about 2 minutes. Choose the best answer.
Messages Priya and Daniel
Priya (4:05 p.m.): Are you still coming to the study group tonight?
Daniel (4:12 p.m.): Yes, but can we meet at the library instead? My roommate has friends over.
Priya (4:13 p.m.): Sure. Room 2B on the second floor? It's free after 7.
Daniel (4:15 p.m.): Perfect. I'll bring my notes from Monday's lecture.
1 Why does Daniel want to change the meeting place?
- The library closes early tonight.
- His roommate has visitors.
- Priya lives far from his building.
- Room 2B is not free.
2 What is suggested about the study group?
- It was planned before today.
- It always meets on Mondays.
- It has been cancelled.
- It meets in the library every week.
3 What will Daniel bring?
- a key to Room 2B
- some snacks for his roommate's friends
- notes from a class
- a library book
Exercise 10 Practice set 3: An email
Exam conditions: about 2 minutes. Choose the best answer.
From: Housing Office
To: All residents, Maple Hall
Subject: Water off on Thursday
Dear residents,
Workers will repair the water pipes in Maple Hall on Thursday, October 9. The water will be turned off from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. During this time, you can use the showers in the Sports Building, which is next to the main parking lot. Please fill a bottle with drinking water before 9:00 a.m.
We are sorry for the inconvenience.
Housing Office
1 What is the main purpose of the email?
- to ask residents to repair their own pipes
- to tell residents about a planned break in the water supply
- to announce that Maple Hall will close
- to invite residents to the Sports Building
2 Where can residents take a shower on Thursday morning?
- in the main parking lot
- in Maple Hall, after 9:00 a.m.
- in the Sports Building
- in the Housing Office
3 What are residents asked to do?
- leave the building before 9:00 a.m.
- call the Housing Office on Thursday
- buy bottled water
- keep some drinking water ready
Exercise 11 Practice set 4: A timetable
Exam conditions: about 2 minutes. Choose the best answer.
Timetable Campus Shuttle · Weekends
Leaves Main Gate: 9:00 · 9:40 · 10:20 · 11:00, then every 40 minutes until 7:00 p.m.
Stops: Main Gate → Science Park → City Mall → Train Station
Main Gate to Train Station: 35 minutes. Free with a student ID.
1 A student takes the 10:20 shuttle from Main Gate. When does she arrive at the train station?
- 10:35
- 10:55
- 11:00
- 11:20
2 Which stop comes just before the train station?
- Main Gate
- Science Park
- City Mall
- the Library
3 What is true about the shuttle?
- Students with an ID do not pay.
- It runs every 20 minutes all day.
- It runs on weekdays only.
- The last shuttle leaves at 11:00.
Exercise 12 Same meaning, different words
Correct options rarely copy the text. Match each phrase from a text (1–6) with the phrase that means the same in a correct option (a–f).
- no longer provided
- turned off
- free with a student ID
- next to
- twice per semester
- running late
a) beside b) two times a term c) not given any more d) will not arrive on time e) not available f) students do not pay
Lesson 4 · Read an Academic Passage
What it tests: whether you can understand a short academic text of about 200 words, like a page from a first-year textbook in biology, history, psychology or geography. Five questions follow, each with four options. You do not need any knowledge of the subject: everything you need is in the passage, and the passage stays on the screen while you answer.
The five questions usually cover these kinds of reading:
| Question type | Typical wording | How to answer |
|---|---|---|
| Fact / detail | According to the passage, why…? | Find the line; choose its paraphrase. |
| Vocabulary in context | The word "…" in the passage is closest in meaning to… | Read the whole sentence; try each option in place of the word. |
| Inference | What can be inferred about…? | Choose what the text clearly shows without saying it directly. Not a wild guess. |
| Relationship between ideas | How does paragraph 3 relate to paragraph 2? | Look at linking words: however, for example, as a result, in addition. |
| Purpose | Why does the author mention…? | Ask what job the detail does: an example, a reason, a contrast? |
Method
- Read the passage once (about 90 seconds at this level). After each paragraph, say its main idea to yourself in five words.
- Read the first question and decide its type.
- Go back to the passage and find the exact sentence. Questions usually follow the order of the passage.
- Remove the trap options, then choose the one that paraphrases the text.
Wrong options are written to catch readers in five familiar ways:
| Trap | What it does | How to spot it |
|---|---|---|
| Word match | copies words from the text but changes the meaning | Same words, different idea: check the whole sentence it came from. |
| Opposite | says the reverse of the text | Watch more/less, increase/decrease, not. |
| Too strong | turns "some" or "may" into "all" or "always" | Circle extreme words: all, only, always, never. |
| Not stated | sounds sensible but is not in the text | Can you point to the line? If not, reject it. |
| True but not the answer | a real fact from the text that answers a different question | Reread the question: what exactly does it ask? |
Worked example
Coffee was first drunk in Yemen in the fifteenth century. People used it to stay awake during long nights of prayer. From Yemen, coffee spread to Egypt and Turkey, where coffee houses became popular places to meet friends and discuss the news.
Question: Why does the author mention prayer? A) to show how coffee was first used B) to explain why coffee houses were popular C) to show that coffee came from Turkey D) to describe the news people discussed.
Answer: A. This is a purpose question. Prayer appears in the sentence that tells us how people first used coffee. B is true but not the answer: coffee houses are in the text, but the author does not link them to prayer. C is the opposite: coffee spread to Turkey from Yemen. D is a word match: "news" is in the text, but not connected to prayer.
FLC Tip
For vocabulary questions, do not choose the meaning you learnt first. Put each option into the sentence in place of the word and read the sentence again. In "a single bamboo plant", single means "one", not "unmarried". The sentence, not your dictionary memory, decides.
Exercise 13 Practice passage 1: Night flight
Exam conditions: about 6 minutes. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Why Some Birds Migrate at Night
Every spring and fall, millions of small birds travel thousands of kilometers between their summer and winter homes. Surprisingly, many of them, such as warblers and thrushes, make these journeys at night. Scientists have suggested several reasons for this behavior.
First, the air is usually cooler and calmer at night. Flying is hard work, and birds produce a lot of heat. In cool air, they lose less water and do not overheat as easily. Second, flying in the dark may protect small birds from hawks and other predators that hunt during the day. Third, night travel leaves the daytime free for feeding. A bird that flies all night can land in the morning and spend the day finding insects and seeds to refuel for the next stage of its journey.
Night flight does have dangers, however. Bright lights in cities can confuse birds, and some crash into tall buildings. For this reason, several cities now ask building owners to turn off unnecessary lights during the migration season.
1 According to the passage, how does cool night air help migrating birds?
- They lose less water and do not overheat as easily.
- They can find more insects in the dark.
- They can see the stars more clearly.
- They can fly faster in strong winds.
2 The word "refuel" in the passage is closest in meaning to
- rest
- fly higher
- build a nest
- get energy again
3 What can be inferred from paragraph 3?
- Most birds now avoid cities completely.
- Turning off lights may help to protect migrating birds.
- Tall buildings are more dangerous in the daytime.
- Birds that migrate at night never reach their winter homes.
4 How does paragraph 3 relate to paragraph 2?
- It gives more reasons for night flight.
- It gives an example of a bird that flies at night.
- It describes a problem with night flight after the reasons for it.
- It shows that the reasons in paragraph 2 are wrong.
5 Why does the author mention warblers and thrushes?
- to give examples of birds that migrate at night
- to name the predators of small birds
- to show which birds crash into buildings
- to compare large and small birds
Exercise 14 Vocabulary in context
Choose the meaning of the word in this sentence. Try each option in place of the word.
1 The results were unclear, so the team decided to run the experiment again.
- move quickly through
- carry out
- escape from
- manage a business
2 Many large cities face a shortage of affordable housing.
- have to deal with
- look towards
- cover the front of
- paint
3 The professor made an interesting point about the data.
- sharp end
- exact place
- idea or comment
- score in a game
4 Some bamboo can grow almost a metre in a single day.
- unmarried
- lonely
- special
- one
5 The museum has a vast collection of ancient coins.
- very large
- very old
- expensive
- famous
Exercise 15 Practice passage 2: Desert plants
Exam conditions: about 6 minutes. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
How Desert Plants Survive
Deserts receive less than 250 millimeters of rain a year, yet many plants live there successfully. They survive because they have developed special ways to find, store and save water.
Some desert plants have very long roots. The roots of the mesquite tree, for example, can reach water about 50 meters below the ground. Other plants, such as cacti, have shallow roots that spread out widely just under the surface. When rain falls, these roots collect as much water as possible before it evaporates. The cactus then stores the water inside its thick stem, which can expand like a balloon.
Desert plants are also good at saving water. Most plants lose water through their leaves. Many cacti have no ordinary leaves at all; instead, they have sharp spines, which lose very little water and also protect the plant from thirsty animals. In addition, some desert plants open the tiny holes in their leaves only at night, when the air is cooler and less water escapes.
Because of these features, desert plants can survive long dry periods that would kill most other plants.
1 According to the passage, how do the roots of cacti help the plant?
- They reach water deep below the ground.
- They spread near the surface and collect rain quickly.
- They store water like a balloon.
- They protect the plant from animals.
2 The word "shallow" in the passage is closest in meaning to
- not deep
- thick
- weak
- very long
3 According to paragraph 3, what do the spines of a cactus do?
- They collect rainwater from the air.
- They store water for dry periods.
- They open only at night.
- They lose little water and keep animals away.
4 What can be inferred about a desert plant that opened the holes in its leaves during the day?
- It would lose more water.
- It would grow longer roots.
- It would need less sunlight.
- It would grow spines instead of leaves.
5 Why does the author mention the mesquite tree?
- to show that all desert plants are trees
- to give an example of a plant with very long roots
- to explain how cacti store water
- to compare desert rain with rain in other places
Exercise 16 Name the trap
Each statement is a wrong option about the desert plants passage. Write its trap type: word match, opposite, too strong or not stated.
- All desert plants have very long roots.
- Cacti lose a lot of water through their spines.
- Desert plants grow faster than other plants.
- The cactus stores water in its roots.
- Some desert plants open the holes in their leaves only during the day.
Lesson 5 · Timing and the adaptive test
ETS gives about 9 minutes for Module 1 and about 18–21 minutes for Module 2. Each module contains a mix of the three tasks, and the clock on the screen shows how much time is left. You cannot pause the timer, so you need a sense of how long each task should take.
| Task | FLC time aim at Level 1 | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Complete the Words (one paragraph, 10 words) | about 2 minutes | ten items in one paragraph: the best marks per minute in the section |
| Read in Daily Life (one text, 2–3 questions) | about 1½–2 minutes | short text: read it once, then answer from the line |
| Read an Academic Passage (one text, 5 questions) | about 6 minutes | 90 seconds to read, about 50 seconds per question |
These are FLC planning aims, not ETS rules. The number of tasks in each module can vary.
The 30-second rule
If one item has taken more than 30 seconds longer than it should, choose or type your best answer and move on. One difficult word in Complete the Words is one item; the next paragraph has ten more waiting for you.
What your Reading band means
Your Reading band (1–6, in half bands) is combined with Listening, Writing and Speaking. The overall band is the average of the four, rounded to the nearest half band. For example, Reading 3, Listening 3.5, Writing 2.5 and Speaking 3 give an average of exactly 3, so the overall band is 3. For two years after January 2026, score reports also show a comparable 0–120 total; an overall Band 3 is roughly 44 or more on that scale.
Exercise 17 Smart timing decisions
Choose the best answer.
1 About how long is Module 1 (the router) of the Reading section?
- about 3 minutes
- about 9 minutes
- about 20 minutes
- about 35 minutes
2 Module 2 feels harder than Module 1. What does this probably mean?
- You answered badly in Module 1.
- The computer has made a mistake.
- You did well in Module 1 and were sent to the upper module.
- Module 2 is not scored.
3 You have spent 40 seconds on one word in Complete the Words and still cannot decide. What is the best action?
- Type your most likely word and move on.
- Leave the boxes empty.
- Keep thinking until you are sure.
- Go to the next section of the test.
4 For an academic passage question, which order works best?
- Choose the option with the most words from the passage.
- Read the question, find the line in the passage, remove traps, choose the paraphrase.
- Read the options first and choose the one that sounds most academic.
- Answer from what you already know about the topic.
5 A student scores Reading 2.5, Listening 3, Writing 3 and Speaking 3.5. What is the overall band?
- 2.5
- 3
- 3.5
- 12
Lesson 6 · Habits that cost marks, and your Level 1 plan
These are the habits FLC teachers see most often in Foundation students. Each one costs real marks, and each one is easy to fix.
| Habit | What it costs | The fix |
|---|---|---|
| Rushing Module 1 to "save time" | the easier second module, and the higher bands with it | Work carefully in Module 1; accuracy there matters most. |
| Ignoring the number of boxes in Complete the Words | words that are right in meaning but wrong in length | Count the boxes before you choose a word. |
| Typing words the way they sound (recieve, enviroment, untill) | items you already understood | Keep a spelling list of your own mistakes and test yourself weekly. |
| Forgetting endings: -s, -ed, -ly | easy grammar items | After each word, check: singular or plural? past or present? |
| Translating every sentence into Gujarati, Punjabi or Hindi | time: the last questions are guessed | Read for the line that answers the question, not a full translation. |
| Choosing the option that copies words from the text | word-match traps | Look for the same meaning in different words. |
| Answering from your own knowledge or experience | "not stated" traps | Point to the line in the text before you choose. |
| Leaving items blank | free chances of a mark | A blank scores nothing: always answer. |
FLC Tip
Read something short in English every day: a university's notice board online, a campus newspaper, a science news story for young readers. Copy five useful words with their spelling into your notebook. Twenty minutes a day for a month will move a Foundation student further than one long weekend of practice tests.
Your four-week Level 1 Reading plan
| Week | Focus | Daily work (about 30 minutes) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Format and Complete the Words | Lessons 1–2. Two Complete the Words paragraphs a day: count the boxes and say the grammar clue before you type. Learn ten spellings. |
| 2 | Read in Daily Life | Lesson 3. Three real-life texts a day (notices, emails, timetables): find the line for every answer. |
| 3 | Read an Academic Passage | Lesson 4. One passage a day: name each question type and each trap you remove. |
| 4 | Timing and review | Lesson 5. Two timed Reading sections (about 30 minutes) this week. Fill in your error log and repeat the lesson behind your biggest loss. |
Exercise 18 Your score and error log
Add up your marks from the practice sets on this page and write the kind of mistake that cost you most in each task.
- Complete the Words (Exercises 4–5): ___ / 20 · main error: __________
- Read in Daily Life (Exercises 8–11): ___ / 12 · main error: __________
- Read an Academic Passage (Exercises 13 and 15): ___ / 10 · main error: __________
